Shoe-filler.



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

v AiNDREW THOMA, OF CAMBBIbGE; MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOB, TO NORTH AMERICAN cnnmrcancomrnumor NEW YonK; n. Y., a conrona'rrou or MAINE.

SHOE-iILLER.

No Drawing. Original application filed May 11, 1908, Serial No. 432,083.

"Specification Letters Patent. Patented May 29 191 '1,

Divided and this application fl ied July 1, 1912." Serial Na-707,018.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known thatI, ANDREW TnoMA, a citizen of the United States,,and res dent of Cambridge, county of Middlesex, State of ,Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in Shoe-Fillers, of which-the followin description is a specification y present invention relates to shoe fillers, and this application is a division ofvmy former application Serial No. 432,083, filed May 11, 1908, now Patent No. 1,032,312, dated July 9, 1913. As'd isclosed in that application, which is in part a derlvatlve of myfoundation or'pioneer' filler Patent No.- 832,002, September 25,1906, I have found that several materials have -qualit1es Wh 1ch adapt them for use as binders in'shoefilllng compositions, i. e. compositions used in filling the inner soles of. shoes of certain kinds.

These compositions are usually composed of cork or ground leather and asuitable blnder. Wax tailings, n-"p'rodu'ct of petroleum, distillation, is such a binder, asstated 1n that application, is easily responsive to or sen sitlve to heat, andis very Well suited to the purpose. In some forms, it .has, however,

- certain objections, i. .e.- it is too sticky or runny, is too easily absorbed the cork or other filler-body, and is so stlcky as to foli responsive and 'q'uic 10W theknife of the operator in the act of filling the shoe bottom cavity. It 1s better, therefore, to introduce with the waxy material or its equivalent, some restraining slow setting-component. By the term equ1va-' lent I mean to include any binderwhich is too sticky oractive so as to need or-b'e 1mproved by a 'restrainer or :retarder as explained in .m parent case,, above men-' 'tioned. One't at'I have found very useful for the purpose is an albuminoid, part1cularly casein, and theconibination of a waxy base of a permanently sti-cky, t enac1ous, heatr-setting adhesive with an albuminoid, preferably fca'sein, is the sub- 'je'ct of my present invention; Myfiller'comositiom therefore, broadly stated, as to this eature,-consists, in all its, essential ingredients, ofa body-material and binder mixed to a moldable; consistency (when; ready for use) andiperman'entl'y pliable and coherent (when in a thin layer in a shoe-bottom), said binder having a normallfree stickiness or adhesiveness "which is modified and restrained by an albulninoid. Taking casein as a type and considering this feature more prominently, a further embodiment of my united, for example, with a softening oil or medium, or being joined with drying oils,

or a filler in-which the casein-iswholly subordinate to some other ingredient. (which may be a' 'softenin element) whichfisrelied upon p'rima'rily or giving the binder its pr ncipal stickiness, etc, such other ingredients" being the wax tailings, first mentioned, orthe list of substitutes later mene tioned herein, or combinations of the same.

Myfiller, in its various aspects, and as made in accordance with these various conditions, is hereinafter explained in. detail "from these difl'erent standpoints. I. Casein is an albuminoidderived primarily from milk, of which it forms 'three to four percent. It is also obtainable to some extent fromother sources. Casein is insoluble in ure Waterbut is readily soluble in an alkali or strong acid. f'It is used-preferably in the form of a powder or granules, in the present, relation. ,1 By one ,method of use, the casein in" the form of powder and in addition to its solventagents (such, for example, as the wellknown agents borax, soda, .sal ammoniac or ammoniur'ncarbonate or lime, and the latters retardin'g agents fiuorid of sodium, etc.) mixed" with the granulated cork to which'maybe added the sticky gummy binder or adhesive, usually the resinous residuum of petroleum above mentioned, or wax tailings; though I may use any substitute or combination of the substitutes (or equivalents) mentioned in my former application referred to, The resulting dry granulated mass can thus be shipped to the-shoe factories and keptfor an indefinite length of time until ,ab'outto be used. It is'then subjected to'an addition of cold or warm water "-or moist steam to developthe latent binding nature of the proteii'" and to renderithe heat-sensitive wax tailings 01' other sticky gummy component more tractable and bring. the filler material up to its "igh est elficieny.,. p

The ya 'us solvents ca ableof bringing about the gelatinizing 0 the casein may also have a certain fluxingor disintegrating influence upon gthe gummy sticky component',,so that whenever ammoniacal ingredi- .ents are usedatheyjwill also act as solvents upon the Ini fii1 8-i"parts of the wax-tailings and emulsify the ordinary resins which may form the sticky gummy component of the filler mass. Such solvent assistants for the casein a's borax or lime, etc'., have no influence upon the waxtailings which is desirable, leaving the latterin proper condition forthe mechanical mixing and beating up withfthe gelatinizedcas'ein. Their action uponresins iswell known butther'e are artificial resins offered to the trade which are incapable of saponification but which can be made to form the desired sticky gummy component and can thus be spread in'minute parts throughout the mass, asexplained. The solvent or dis- .solving solution for the casein may be added by the shoe manufacturer in the water or 3 liquid vehicle when getting it ready for use, in which case thisjfeature is omitted in the preparation of the. approximately dry filler mass. Whenever the solvent is added, asforyexample a weak solution of soda or ammonium bicarbonate, enough is addedrto dissolve the casein, and is stirred I until the mass becomes uniformly fluid or pasty. Or; the binder may be supplied to the shoe manufacturer in a solution or mixture, requiring the shoe manufacturer simply -to add and mix the comminuted cork, or other porous, fibrous or pulpy body material to the consistency of'a stiff, workabledough. Or the binder may be supplied in a semi plastic "condition, like putty, re-

quiring merelytreatment with hot water -'to' it into a highly effective. paste and .5

.thsaa'dinixed-wnh the-body material; The casein may 'beyprecipita ted; out by using idsp -Jby'f m hyde ut. f my P1211" po's 'is better to let it dr in place by losing its water and. under the circumstances it appears to'have. greater 'eflic'iency, probably. because it. is then rather more gelatinousln consistency than when recipitated out. The casein keeps the tailmgis' from penetrating to any 'reat extent {the granules. of the filler-b0. y "-'-'Unless some rejstrainingf'agent Is used, the

material.

" .tai'iings'.may jsometimes'be absorbedfby the body-material tosuch an extent that the latter will become clogged and. heavy and inelastic as when the .tai-lings and cork' are mixed first. [The viscidityinipa ted by the caseinsolution keeps the adhesiye from going to the heart of the granules-in prac;

ticalljv each of which .thereremains, therefore, abenter of elasticnatur'al fiber which stays unchanged during the life of the shoe. The fact that the cork is-added lastma'y be recognized in the product by the characteristic just explained; Less tailings are therefore needed and the cost correspondingly reduced. This makes it advisable to add the granules after the casein has been gelatinized. I may also omit the alkali water for the caseinsolutionor. I may mix the alkali dry in with the tailings and casein, packaging any of these forms to meet the various demands of trade. I may also supplement the casein by additions of one or more of the various su'bstitutesfmem tioned in my former application, 432,083,

viz. starch pa'ste, gluten, gum, dextrin, gelatin, albumin, soluble silicates, .or their equivalents. I may replace th'e'tailings in whole or in part by proper substitutes, such as those mentioned in my said former application.

I have explained in my application aforesaid that the sticky component, as for instance wax tailings at a low, melting point will sweat through the casein crust after the filler has been installed and while drying out. The resulting combination renders, the casein very much less water absorbing.

and in fact water-repellent. I find-,,that

this feature of impregnatingthe 'proteid.

and the semi-solidoily mass "\v vith each'other is much cheaper and more effective than the settinggofthe-casein by meansof acid or formaldehyde. I

Casein is capable of making a strong,

firm, hornlike binder which can be modified to become less brittle and when mixed with the casein, render-in the latter'waterproof without destroying ts binding qualities" or otherwise impairing its special use."- The use of drying oils with adrierfl'fi combination with casein is very Inuc from a use where the casein is acting as the restraining agent ofthereadily lowzmelting non-drying wax 'tailings, or where the act is simply one ,of restraining the too heatsensitive -otherbindin component.

I have also found t "e use of caseinalone as a binderfor granulated cork ver 'serv'- ioe'able, and when modified by. anad of glycerin, its elasticity as. a binder will be di n different greatly increased. ()lcin (alizarin) oil may be substituted for the glycerin, and so may other softeningoils or fats capable of being fluxed or rendered fluid by means of the soluble oil and when added to a solution of casein Will be found to accomplish 'a like purpose and give to the casein glue a more or less elastic flexible nature. Glycerin gives a toughness and resiliency and olein oil a softness or extra pliability and both of these oily liquids (preferably together) conduce to the Waterproofing, etc. Whenever I prepare a shoe filler on the above last described lines and long as casein or glue or other proteid matter is forming the principal component of the filler-binder, I may use for the application of the matc rial Within the shoe bottoms a spreading 'tool dipped in a solution of formaldehyde or like acting chemical preparation which will influence the proteid matter to render it insoluble in water thereafter .on account of acting as a precipitant. Combinations of a large number of ingredients and methods of .fiuxing and amalgamating the same can be made. I have only enumerated a few and consider the subject broadly covered by my invention.

This invention is subordinate to my Patent No. 945,294, patented January 4, 1910 (application copending with the parent application hereto) and to my other copending application Serial No. 591,207, filed November 7, 1910 since become a Patent No. 1,134,931,,dated April 6, 1915.

Having described my invention, .What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentis: I 1. A shoe filler, comprising a body-n2 ite- 49 rial and a binder united to a moldable onsistency, at least at themoment of application in a thin layer in the shoe-bottom, and then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent to leather, said binder consisting at least in part of a casein solution.

, 2. A shoe filler, comprising a body-materijal and a binder united to a moldable consistency, atleast at the moment of application in a thin layer in the shoe-bottom, and

-then coherent, sticky, A and adherent to leather, said binder consisting at least in part of a casein solution and a softening ingredient.

55 ,3. A shoe filler, comprising a body-material and a,binder united to a moldable consistency, at least at the moment of application in a thinlayer in the shoe-bottom, and y then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent'to leather, said binder consisting at least in-part of. a casein solution and "wax tailings. 4. A shoe filfir comprising-casein, wax tailings,,and comminuted filler-body material for a. shoe filler.

nuted filler-body material.

in alkaline solution, and a granular fillernently sticky,

in'g respol'lsive to heat at a permanently pliable,

' terialand a binder united ,to-

5. A slide filler comprising an-albuminoid and Wax .tailings.

6. A shoe filler comprising an albuminoid, wax tailings, and comminuted filler-- body material for ashoe filler.

7. The combination, in a shoe-filler, of a permanently sticky, tenacious, slow-drying, Waxy adhesive; and-a restraining agent consisting at least in part of casein.

'8. The combination, in a shoe-filler, of a. permanently sticky. tenacious, slow-drying,'wa xy adhesive; and afrestraining agent consisting at least in part of an albuminoid.

9.The combination. in .ashoe-filler, of a -permanently sticky, tenacious, slow-drying adhesive, casein in solution,

10. A shoe-filler, comprising wax'tailings, casein in solution, and comminuted cork, the cork being non-penetrated by the tailings as when added last.

11. A shoe-filler, comprising a permanently sticky tenacious binder, consisting at least in part of wax tailings, and a gelatinized restraining agent containing casein body material.

12. A'shoe-filler, comprising a permatenacious binder, containing casein gelatinized by an alkaline solution, and a comminuted filler-body material,.the

latter being so proportioned andimixed that e the absorption of the binder into the particlcs of the filler-body material is only partial, whereby each of said particles retains a core practically free from the absorbable binder, said core having its natural elasticity ractically intact.

13. 1 shoe filler, -consisting of abody-material and a binder united to a moldable consistency, at least at the" moment of application in a thin layer in the shoe-bottom, and then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent to leather, said binder betei'nperature not injurious to granular cork, and being modified and restrained by an albumi'noid, and containing means for maintaining the binder permanently pliable when set in the shoebottom.

14. A shoe filler, consisting of a body-Ina-' terlal and. a binder united to a moldable con sistency, at least at the moment of applicaand a commition in a. thin layer in the shoe-bottomyand then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent to leather, said binder including casein in solution, and means for maintaining the binder pliable Whenset in a shoe-bottom. r

15. A shoe filler, consisting of a body-ma: a semisblid, sluggishly moldable consistency, at least at the moment of application in a thin layer in the shoebottom, and then sticky, permancntly'tenacions, pliable, and adherent to taining the binder leather, said binder including casein in solution and containing ingredients for mainpliable when set in a shoe-bottom;

16. A shoe filler, consisting of a body-material and a binder united to a semi-solid, sluggishly moldable consistency, at least at I "the moment of application in a thin layer in the shoe-bottom, and then stick permanently tenacious, pliable, and-a herent to leather, said binder including casein in solu. tion and an oily liquid containing at least in part glycerin.

17 A shoe filler, consisting of a body-material and a binder united to a semi-solid, sluggishly moldable consistency, at least at the moment of application in a thin layer in a the shoe-bottom, and then sticky, permanently tenacious, pliable, and adherent to leather, said binder including casein in solution, glycerin and olein oil.

18. A shoe filler, comprising a body-material and a binder united to a moldable consistency, at least at the moment of applica= tion in a thin layer in theshoe-bottom, and

then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable,

and adherent to leather, said binder, consisting at least in part of a casein solution and an oily liquid containing olein'oila 19. A shoe filler, comprising .a body-ma terial and a binder united to a moldable consistency, at least at the moment of application in a thin layer .in the shoe-bottom, and

.then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable,

and adherent to leather, said binder consistingat least in part'of a casein solution and an oily, fatty .com'ponent, all thoroughly mixed together. Y v I 20. A' sh'oe filler, comprising a body-material and a binder united to a moldable consistency, at least at, the moment of applica-- tion in-"a thin layer in the shoe-bottom, and then coherent, stick permanently pliable,

and adherentjto leat er, said binder consistmg at least in part of a casein solution, and

means for rendering the binder Water-re-- pellent.

21; A shoe filler, comprising; a body-material and a binder n'nitedto a moldablelconsistency, at least at the moment of applicar tion in a thin layer in the shoe-bottom,and

waterproof.

22. A shoe-filler, comprising casein in I I Witnesses then coherent,sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent toleather, said binder consisting at least in art of a caseinsolution, and

means for ren ering thebinder sticky and lution, wax-tailings, and comminuted fillerbody material. v p

.23; A shoe filler, comprising a body-Inaterial andJaJbinder united'to 'a moldable consistency, at least at the moment 'of applica-v tion in a-thinlayer in theshoe-bottom,land I then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, andadherent to leather, said binder'consisting at least inpart-of a casein solution, and

chemical means for changing the casein solution of the-.binder-into an insoluble proteid in the binder when the latter is set.

24. A shoefiller, comprisinga body-Inajterial and a binder united to-a moldable'consistency, atleast at the moment of application in a thin layerin the shoe-bottom, and then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable, and adherent'lto leather, -said .binder' consisting at least in art .of'a ca's'ein solution, chemical means ormakingthe casein soluchern cal means for retarding "this setting for practicalfpurpo'sesofhandling;

then coherent, sticky, permanently pliable,

and-adherent to leather, said binder consistingjat least in part of caseinate'of lime and a sticky component. I g 26. Ashoefiller, comprising" casein in solution, a sticky 'component consisting at least in partyof wax tailings, and chemical flux'ing means acting to unite into a homotion insoluble in the binder When set, and

. v '80 25. A shoe fill'encomprising a body-mate rial anda binder'united to a moldablejconsistency, at least-at the moment ofapplicaftionin a thin layer in the'shoe-bott'om, and

geneous compound bothof, said ingredients,

and comminuted filler-body material.

In'testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

' ANDREWYTHOMA.

GEo. H. MAXWELL, WALLACE A. SHIPTON. 

